Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Background: Preeclampsia is one of the hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and remains a significant maternal and neonatal health problem because it may increase the risk of maternal morbidity, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and mortality. This condition is associated with several factors, including maternal factors, obstetric factors, medical history, nutritional status, nutrition, antenatal care, and socio-environmental conditions during pregnancy. Objective: To identify factors affecting the incidence of preeclampsia among pregnant women based on reviewed studies. Methods: The research method used in this study was a literature review. The article search strategy was conducted using the PICOS approach through PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases within the 2016 to 2026 publication period, following the PRISMA guidelines. Based on the initial search, 46,776 articles were identified, and after the screening process using inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 journals were selected for further analysis. Results: The findings showed that maternal and obstetric factors were the most frequently identified aspects, particularly parity, gravidity, primigravida, or nulliparity at 80%, followed by obesity, BMI, MUAC, or body weight at 66.7%. Maternal age, history of hypertension or chronic hypertension, and nutritional factors were found in 46.7% of the studies, history of preeclampsia or family history of preeclampsia/hypertension in 40%, comorbidities in 33.3%, while antenatal care, socio-environmental factors or residence, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were each found in 26.7%. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial condition associated with a combination of maternal factors, obstetric factors, medical history, nutritional status, nutrition, antenatal care, and socio-environmental conditions during pregnancy.
Keywords: maternal nutrition, obesity, preeclampsia, pregnant women, prior hypertension
