Abstract:
Rafflesia species (Rafflesiaceae) is a small endo-holoparasitic South-East Asian plant genus known for its exceptionally large flowers, rare species, and high island endemism. Three species of Rafflesia, i.e. R. patma, R. rochussenii, and R. zollingeriana, are known from Java, Indonesia. All three species are threatened with extinction due to human activities that cause habitat loss and fragmentation. Our literature review revealed that currently, factors influencing the existence of this genus, including its life cycle and environmental factors that support its life, are still not well understood. In particular, studies of the distribution and population of Rafflesia on the island of Java have revealed a high level of endemism and the presence of species with high conservation value. Anthropogenic threats to this genus highlight the urgent need to improve understanding and determine priorities for its conservation. The reinforcement of laws and acts to conserve and protect this genus and its species will indirectly protect the tropical rainforest from encroachment activities.
