http://repository.unigal.ac.id:8080/handle/123456789/3464 2026-04-25T11:26:00Z http://repository.unigal.ac.id:8080/handle/123456789/3466 Restorative Justice Approach towards Termination Investigation of Begal Victims Based on Noodweer Action and Noodweer Exes Farida, Ida In cases of involuntary manslaughters in self-defense by a victim of violent armed robberies (begal), investigators have often been reluctant to implement Article 49 of the Indonesian Criminal Code as a legal ground to terminate criminal investigations. The study aimed to analyze the termination of investigations based onnoodweerandnoodweerexcesthrough a restorative justice approach. The study was descriptive and qualitative, employing a descriptive method. Data were collected from relevant literature and were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that in the cases of involuntary manslaughter in self-defense by victims of violent armed robbery, the investigators had the authority to terminate the investigation and implement a restorative justice approach instead. It was applicable when the victims self-defense was void of mens rea, compelled by force, or done in defense of his or another persons physical or sexual integrity or property against an immediate, unlawful attack. The restorative justice approach may involve the victims and/or their families, the perpetrators families, religious leaders, community leaders, traditional leaders, youth leaders, and other relevant stakeholders and is aimed solely for the sake of justice,legal usefulness, and legal certainty. 2022-09-02T00:00:00Z http://repository.unigal.ac.id:8080/handle/123456789/3465 Criminalization Policy On The Act Of Making, Producing, And Trading Illegal Fishing Capture Equipment Farida, Ida The widespread use of illegal fishing capture equipment in the form of drag nets and drag nets which harm and endanger the sustainability of fish resources and the environment in Indonesian waters, cannot be separated from the act of making, producing, and trading. The research method used is a sociological juridical approach which is qualitative in nature, where this research uses a normative approach with a sociological approach as support. Based on the results of the research, criminalizing the act of making, producing, and trading becomes a crime, formulated in article 85A, which reads "Whoever deliberately brings, produces and trades illegal fishing equipment or illegal fishing aids that are not in accordance with the provisions referred to in Article 7 shall be punished with a maximum fine of Rp.250,000,000.00 (two hundred and fifty million rupiah)”. So that law enforcers comprehensively apply the elements of the intended crime, including proving the elements of intentional wrongdoing, Actus Reus and Mens Rea, as well as excuses that eliminate a crime. 2023-03-02T00:00:00Z